The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has reported a troubling surge in Lassa fever cases, confirming that 127 lives have been lost across 18 states so far in 2025. The hardest-hit states remain Ondo, Bauchi, and Edo, accounting for over 70% of confirmed infections.
In its latest situation report covering up to Epidemiological Week 14, the NCDC revealed that 674 people have tested positive for Lassa fever out of 4,025 suspected cases between January and April 6. This reflects a case fatality rate of 18.8%, a slight increase compared to the 18.5% rate during the same period in 2024.
Tragically, Week 14 alone saw five new deaths and 15 confirmed infections from states including Ondo, Bauchi, Edo, Taraba, Ebonyi, and Gombe. Ondo remains the most affected with 30% of cases, followed by Bauchi at 25% and Edo at 16%.
The disease is hitting young adults the hardest, with those aged 21 to 30 being the most affected group. More men than women have been infected, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:0.8.
Despite the rising numbers, no new infections among healthcare workers were recorded in Week 14. However, 20 health workers have contracted the disease since the beginning of the year, highlighting ongoing risks on the frontlines.
According to the NCDC, the continued spread of Lassa fever is being worsened by delayed medical attention, poor hygiene in high-risk communities, costly treatments, and weak health-seeking behaviour.
To combat the outbreak, the federal government has activated a coordinated response involving multiple agencies and partners. Rapid Response Teams have been sent to states like Gombe, Nasarawa, and Benue. The agency is also conducting community-based searches, risk mapping, and online training for healthcare professionals.
In partnership with WHO, UNICEF, CEPI, and others, the NCDC is also distributing essential items such as ribavirin, PPEs, hygiene kits, and body bags, while public awareness campaigns are ongoing.
Nigerians are strongly advised to remain alert, especially in high-risk areas. Anyone experiencing fever, fatigue, or unexplained bleeding is urged to visit the nearest hospital immediately.
Lassa fever is a deadly viral disease primarily spread through contact with the urine or faeces of infected rats. It can also be transmitted from person to person through bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, vomiting, headaches, and in severe cases, internal and external bleeding.
The NCDC reiterated its commitment to the “One Health” approach, which involves collaboration across human and animal health sectors, communities, and development partners in fighting the disease.
Stay informed and stay safe! If you or anyone around you shows signs of fever or unusual bleeding, seek medical help immediately. Let’s work together to curb the spread of Lassa fever in Nigeria.
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